Introduction

Filing a VA disability claim can feel overwhelming—especially if you’re new to the process or still transitioning out of military life. There’s a lot of paperwork, a lot of acronyms, and often, a lot of uncertainty.

But here’s the truth: the beginning matters. How you prepare and approach your claim in the first few steps can determine whether your case is smooth, delayed, or denied.

This guide is designed for 2025 and beyond—to walk you through the first steps that give your claim the best possible shot at success.


Step 1: Understand What VA Disability Compensation Is

Before diving in, make sure you understand the basics.

VA disability compensation is a tax-free, monthly benefit paid to veterans with illnesses or injuries that were caused or aggravated by their military service. These include:

  • Physical injuries (e.g., knee damage, back pain)

  • Mental health conditions (e.g., PTSD, anxiety)

  • Chronic illnesses or toxic exposure-related conditions (e.g., respiratory issues, cancers)

The VA assigns a disability rating from 0% to 100%, which determines how much you receive monthly.

You can receive compensation even if your condition wasn’t formally diagnosed during service—as long as you can link it to your time in uniform.


Step 2: Decide What Conditions to Claim

Your claim should be as complete and specific as possible. Start by listing all the conditions you believe are service-connected.

Some of the most common include:

  • Hearing loss or tinnitus

  • Migraines

  • Sleep apnea

  • Joint and back pain

  • Depression or anxiety

  • Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  • Gulf War illness or toxic exposure (PACT Act conditions)

Don’t limit yourself to one or two conditions just to “keep it simple.” The VA reviews each condition individually—you won’t be penalized for listing everything.


Step 3: File an Intent to File

Even if you’re not ready to submit your full claim, you should file an Intent to File (ITF) as soon as possible. This gives you up to 12 months to gather documentation while locking in your effective date—which determines how much back pay you’ll receive if approved.

You can file an Intent to File:

  • Online via VA.gov

  • By submitting VA Form 21-0966

  • Through a VSO or accredited agent

This simple step can add thousands to your final compensation—don’t skip it.


Step 4: Start Gathering Medical Records

Once your ITF is on file, it’s time to start collecting medical evidence. The VA will request records, but having your own documents ready can speed things up.

What to gather:

  • Military service treatment records (STRs)

  • VA medical records, if you’ve been treated at a VA facility

  • Private medical records (e.g., civilian doctors or specialists)

  • C&P exam records, if available from past claims

Make sure each condition you claim has a diagnosis—not just symptoms.

Tip: If your condition wasn’t documented during service, focus on medical records that show how it developed after service and how it affects your daily life.


Step 5: Consider Getting a Nexus Letter

A nexus letter is a medical opinion from a doctor stating that your condition is “at least as likely as not” related to your military service.

Nexus letters are especially important for:

  • Mental health claims

  • Sleep apnea related to PTSD or weight gain

  • Secondary conditions (e.g., depression from chronic pain)

While not required in every case, a strong nexus letter can dramatically improve your chances—especially if your condition wasn’t diagnosed until after discharge.


Step 6: Write a Personal Statement

Your personal experience matters. Submit a Statement in Support of Claim (VA Form 21-4138) to explain:

  • When your symptoms began

  • How they’ve progressed over time

  • How they impact your work, relationships, sleep, or mental health

Be specific and honest. This isn’t about dramatizing—it’s about giving context the medical records can’t fully capture.


Step 7: Work with a VSO (Veteran Service Officer)

You don’t have to do this alone.

A VSO is a trained, VA-accredited professional who helps veterans file claims—for free. They can:

  • Help you list and label conditions correctly

  • Gather medical and service records

  • Ensure you’re using the right forms

  • Track your claim and respond to VA requests

Find a VSO through organizations like:

  • Disabled American Veterans (DAV)

  • Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW)

  • American Legion

  • State and county veterans offices

Working with a VSO is one of the best ways to avoid errors and reduce delays.


Step 8: Choose Your Filing Method

You can file your claim through:

  • VA.gov (online portal)

  • Mail (by submitting VA Form 21-526EZ)

  • In person at a VA regional office

  • With a VSO’s help

Most veterans now file through VA.gov—it’s fast, trackable, and easy to use. But whichever method you choose, make sure you:

  • Include all conditions you’re claiming

  • Attach all available evidence

  • Confirm your contact and direct deposit info is up to date


Step 9: Prepare for the C&P Exam

Once your claim is filed, you’ll likely be scheduled for a Compensation and Pension (C&P) exam.

This is a VA-sponsored medical evaluation that plays a huge role in your final rating. To prepare:

  • Review your medical history

  • Make notes about your symptoms and limitations

  • Be honest—but don’t understate your condition

Missing your C&P exam without rescheduling can result in an automatic denial—so stay alert and check your inbox often.


Step 10: Track Your Claim After Submission

Once your claim is submitted, you can monitor progress through your VA.gov dashboard. Watch for updates like:

  • “Evidence gathering”

  • “Review of evidence”

  • “Preparation for decision”

If the VA asks for more documents, respond quickly. Delays in your response can stall your entire claim.

You can also call 1-800-827-1000 or ask your VSO for status updates.


Final Thoughts

Starting a VA disability claim doesn’t have to feel overwhelming. The key is to take things step-by-step—and make smart moves early on. Filing an Intent to File, gathering solid evidence, and using expert support all go a long way in setting your claim up for success.

Remember: you’re not asking for a handout. You’re pursuing the benefits your service has earned. And by starting strong, you make it more likely the VA will see that too.

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