Introduction
Filing a VA disability claim is one of the most important steps a veteran can take after separating from service. Whether you’re struggling with chronic pain, mental health issues, or other service-connected conditions, the benefits you earn through the VA can provide life-changing support. But despite its importance, the process can feel overwhelming—especially if it’s your first time.
The good news? You don’t need to navigate it blindly. This blog breaks down exactly how to file a VA claim, what documents you’ll need, how the process works, and how to avoid common mistakes that lead to delays or denials.
Why File a VA Disability Claim?
Before diving into the “how,” it’s worth reminding ourselves of the “why.” A successful VA claim can result in:
Monthly tax-free compensation
Access to free or reduced-cost healthcare
Eligibility for additional VA services (housing grants, education, caregiver support)
Retroactive payments if your claim is approved for a past condition
The VA doesn’t automatically give benefits to those who qualify. You must apply—and file a claim—to access them. Filing is your right as a veteran, not a favor you’re asking for.
Step 1: Decide What Type of Claim You’re Filing
Not all VA claims are the same. Knowing which type you’re filing helps you gather the right documents and set realistic expectations.
The most common claim types include:
Initial Claim: Your first time applying for service-connected benefits.
Increased Rating Claim: You already have a disability rating, but your condition has worsened.
Secondary Claim: A new condition developed as a result of a service-connected condition (e.g., sleep apnea secondary to PTSD).
Supplemental Claim: You’re adding new evidence to a previously denied claim.
Special Claims: Includes Individual Unemployability (TDIU), Aid & Attendance, and others.
Each type has a slightly different approach but follows the same basic filing structure.
Step 2: Gather Your Evidence
This step is crucial. The more complete your file, the stronger your claim. The VA bases its decisions on evidence—not just what you say, but what’s documented.
Here’s what you’ll want to gather:
Medical Records: Both from military service and civilian providers. These should include diagnoses, treatment history, and notes that link your condition to your service.
Service Treatment Records (STRs): These often document in-service injuries, illnesses, or complaints that can be linked to current conditions.
DD-214: This shows your service history, discharge status, and other essential details.
Private Medical Opinions: These can strengthen your case, especially if they include a nexus statement—a medical opinion linking your condition to service.
Buddy Statements: Written by fellow service members or family members who witnessed your symptoms or incidents in service.
Employment and Income Info: Especially important for unemployability claims.
Step 3: Choose Your Filing Method
There are three main ways to file a VA claim:
Online at VA.gov
This is the easiest and fastest method. Just log in with your DS Logon, ID.me, or Login.gov account and follow the guided prompts. You can upload documents directly and track your claim as it progresses.In Person with a VSO (Veteran Service Officer)
A VSO can help you prepare and submit your claim correctly. Many veterans prefer this method because it reduces guesswork. VSOs are often available through organizations like the VFW, DAV, or American Legion.By Mail
You can complete VA Form 21-526EZ and mail it to the VA’s Claims Intake Center. While this method works, it’s the slowest and least preferred.
Pro Tip: Filing online or through a VSO helps reduce errors and speeds up the review process.
Step 4: Decide Between a Standard or Fully Developed Claim (FDC)
When filing, you’ll be asked if your submission is a Standard Claim or a Fully Developed Claim (FDC).
A Standard Claim allows the VA to help you gather evidence. They’ll request records and schedule exams as needed.
A Fully Developed Claim tells the VA you’ve included all the necessary evidence up front. These often move faster—but you must be thorough.
If you’re confident you have all the supporting documents, an FDC can be your fastest path to a decision.
Step 5: Submit the Claim
Once your evidence is gathered and forms completed, it’s time to file.
Double-check your entries.
Confirm all uploads are clear and readable.
Include your direct deposit info for compensation if approved.
Once submitted, you’ll receive a confirmation email or letter, and your claim will be logged into the VA’s system under Step 1: Claim Received.
Step 6: Track Your Claim
After filing, your claim moves through the VA’s 8-step review process. You can track it on VA.gov or through your VSO.
Typical steps include:
Evidence gathering
Review of medical exams
Preparation and approval of the decision
Final notification
Expect updates every 3–7 business days—though not every stage will be visible immediately.
Common Mistakes That Delay or Sink Claims
Avoiding the following pitfalls can save you months of frustration:
Submitting incomplete forms
Failing to include supporting medical records
Missing C&P exam appointments
Filing under the wrong claim type
Not following up on VA requests
How Long Will It Take?
Most claims take 3–5 months, but timelines vary. Simple claims may be resolved in under 60 days. Complex claims, or those missing critical documentation, can take 6 months or more.
Filing a clean, complete claim—and responding quickly to any VA requests—gives you the best chance at a timely decision.
What Happens After Filing?
Once your claim is processed and marked as Complete, you’ll receive a decision letter explaining the outcome. This will include:
Whether each claimed condition was approved or denied
The disability rating assigned
The effective date of compensation
Your monthly payment amount (if applicable)
If you disagree with the outcome, you’ll have the right to appeal within one year.
Final Thoughts
Filing a VA claim isn’t just about paperwork—it’s about stepping forward to claim the support you’ve earned. And while the process can seem complicated, it becomes much more manageable with the right preparation, clear documentation, and the help of professionals like VSOs.
Whether you’re filing your first claim or a supplemental one, remember this: the VA won’t give what you don’t ask for. Don’t delay. Get your records in order, know your story, and file with confidence.
Because you served with honor—and now it’s time to be served in return.
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